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White-winged chough
The white-winged chough (''Corcorax melanorhamphos'') is one of only two surviving members of the Australian mud-nest builders family, Corcoracidae, and is the only member of the genus ''Corcorax''. It is native to Southern and Eastern Australia and is an example of convergent evolution as it is only distantly related to the European choughs that it closely resembles in shape, and for which it was named.
==Taxonomy==
The white-winged chough was first described by French naturalist Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot in 1817 as ''Coracia melanorhamphos'',〔Vieillot LP (1817). ''Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle applicquée aux Arts, principalement a l'Agriculture et a l'Économie rurale et domestique par une Société de Naturalistes et d'Agriculteurs. Paris'': Déterville Vol. 11.〕 other names given include ''Pyrrhocorax leucopterus'' by Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1820,〔Temminck, C.J. (1820). Manuel d'ornithologie; ou, Tableau systematique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe, précéde d'une analyse du système général d'ornithologie, et suivi d'une table alphabétique des espèces. Paris: Gabriel Dufour Vol. 1 2nd Edn〕 and ''Corcorax australis'' by French naturalist René-Primevère Lesson in 1830.〔Lesson RP (1830). ''Traité d'Ornithologie'', ou Tableau Méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux. Paris: F.G. Levrault Vol. 5.〕 before the current name was settled by Gregory Mathews in 1912.〔Mathews, G.M. (1912). A Reference-List to the Birds of Australia. Novit. Zool. 18: 171-455 ()〕 The specific epithet is derived from the Ancient Greek words ''melano-'' 'black' and ''rhamphos'' 'beak'.
It is placed in the family known as the mud-nest builders or Corcoracidae, written as Grallinidae in older books before the removal of the genus ''Grallina'' to the family Monarchidae. It is one of two remaining species, with the Apostlebird (''Struthidea cinerea''), which differs in appearance but exhibits many behavioural similarities.〔 The mudnest builder family Corcoracidae itself is now placed in a narrower 'Core corvine' group, which contains the crows and ravens, shrikes, birds of paradise, fantails, monarch flycatchers, and drongos.
It is only distantly related to the European chough (''Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax''), and Alpine chough (''P. graculus''), which are members of the crow family Corvidae. The similarities in appearance of dark plumage and downturned bill are the result of convergent evolution.
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